The Role of Outgoing Handicrafts in Capitalizing the Economy of the Central Chernozem Region in the second half of the XIX century

Abstract

The article analyzes the history of the development of outgrowing handicrafts in the territory of the Central Chernozem Region in the second half of the XIX century. On the basis of the unpublished material, the authors revealed unstable rates and scales of development of outgoing fishing activities, the dynamics of the ratio of agricultural and industrial waste, as well as the peculiarity of the remote work of the Central Chernozem region, due to regional characteristics of the region. The authors proved the significant role of the waste industries in the capitalization of the regional economy, which had a complex impact on the development of industry, agriculture, construction, the production of consumer goods, the development of peasant farms, the level of material well-being of migrant workers. The impact of the withdrawal on the peasant economy was of a contradictory nature. Positive manifestation was the possibility of obtaining additional income away from home. Profit was small, but it was an auxiliary means of maintaining the agricultural or commercial economy at an average level. The positive impact was also in raising the level of general and vocational education of small commodity producers, migrants, in expanding their outlook and general cultural literacy. The negative - was in the consequences of the absence of the home of the head of the family for a long period of time. Firstly, family relations deteriorated, its authority declined. Sometimes frustration between spouses led to parting, which indirectly, but also affected the demographic indicators in general. The long absence was not conducive to the proper maintenance of the peasant economy, since the wife and children could not always cope with heavy physical labor.