Metaphors of the lens: symbolism and visual expression in cinematography

Abstract

This article explores how the metaphor of signs and symbols is expressed in films through the visual language of cinematography to deepen film narratives and themes. Based on semiotic theory, the article analyzes how visual elements such as composition, lighting, shadow, and color express the director's abstract concepts. Through case studies of three classic films—Parasite, In the Mood for Love, and Les Misérables—the article reveals the key role of metaphor and symbolism in cinematography in expressing characters' emotions, revealing story themes, and shaping visual narratives. It comprehensively demonstrates the unique position of cinematography in storytelling and explores its impact on the audience's emotional experience and level of understanding.