Ointment is evenly spread on the skin, in contrast to creams and solutions

Abstract

Background: The efficacy of topical therapy depends on the patient spreading the topical drug in an even layer to give a standard dose. Ointments are believed to be more effective than creams and solutions. Objectives: To compare the application and spreading of four different pharmaceutical vehicles. Methods: Twenty-nine healthy volunteers applied a fixed amount (0.1 g) of solution (S), ointment (O), cream (C) and low-viscosity cream (LVC) to the abdominal skin. Area of spread, skin surface lipids (dependent on formulation) and changes in skin surface temperature (cooling due to evaporation of formulation water/alcohol) were measured. Results: Area of spread: O=C=LVC=S. Skin surface lipids: O>C>LVC>S. Difference in skin surface lipids between centre and periphery: O