Immunity-related protein expression and pathological lung damage in mice poststimulation with ambient particulate matter from live bird markets

Abstract

The objective of this study was to obtain insight into the adverse health effects of airborne particulate matter (PM) collected from livebird markets and to determine whether biological material in PM accounts for immune-related inflammatory response. Mice were exposed to a single or repeated dose of PM, after which the expression of toll-like receptors (TLRs), cytokines, and chemokines in the lungs of infected mice wereexamined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and histopathological analysis. Results after single and repeated PM stimulation with PM2.5+, PM2.5-, PM10+, and PM10-indicated that TLR2 and TLR4 played a dominant role in the inflammatory responses of the lung. Further analysis demonstrated that theexpression levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-8, IP-10, and MCP-1 increased significantly, which could eventually contribute to lung injury. Moreover, biological components in PM were criticalin mediating immune-related inflammatory responses and should thereforenot be overlooked.