The importance of direction finding technique for the study of VLF/ELF sferics and whistlers

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to review the previous direction finding (DP) systems including goniometer, field-analysis method and also we demonstrate how important these DF techniques are in the general studies of VLF/ELF sferics and whistlers. We have presented some latest findings such as new results on ELF transients (charge moment change) and convincing evidence on the ducted propagation of low-latitude whistlers.