Analysis of public transport quality indicators considering the configuration of routes

Abstract

Recognizing public transportation's vital role in citizens' lives, assessing user satisfaction is crucial. Literature highlights a link between spatial and operational design of transport lines. This study introduces a method to assess whether differences in quality perception exist when grouping lines by these similarities. Based on a survey of Valladolid's public bus system, including 38 quality indicators and socioeconomic profiles, initial analysis identified four route patterns: transversal, longitudinal, circular, and undefined. Using principal component analysis (PCA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), five latent variables (timetables, user information, on-board facilities, services, and comfort) were constructed and analyzed using a generalised partial credit model (GPCM). This revealed spatial disparities: longitudinal routes excelled in punctuality and service, while information availability was rated consistently. Recommendations aim to enhance frequency, accessibility, and comfort on specific routes, addressing inequalities in service perception.