Are pervasive systems of fake news provision sowing confusion? The role of digital media platforms in the production and consumption of factually dubious content

Abstract

This article reviews and advances existing literature concerning the role of digital media platforms in the production and consumption of factually dubious content. Using data from BBC World Service, European Commission, Freedom House, GlobeScan, Pew Research Center, Socialbakers, and Statista, we performed analyses and made estimates regarding real versus fake news content type distribution on Facebook and prevalence of manipulation tactics on social media in 68 countries.