Detailed Analysis of Aerodynamic Effect on Small Satellites

Abstract

The number of small satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) is increasing. In LEO, the dominant non-gravitational force arises from aerodynamic effects. These effects must, therefore, be taken into account when determining, predicting, and designing the orbit. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the aerodynamic effects on a small satellite in LEO, using numerical simulation. A sensitivity analysis of the orbital environment and satellite specifications was performed, and the critical parameters were identified. The results were compared with those from analytical models reported in previous studies. Approaches to improving the analytical model were considered. Finally, realistic simulations were performed, to investigate the significance of detailed aerodynamic analysis in predicting the orbital lifetime.