Sociocultural Influences on Attitudes and Behaviors Related to Domestic and Intimate Partner Violence: A Qualitative Study Across British and Chinese Contexts

Abstract

Purpose: Domestic and intimate partner violence (DIPV) remains pervasive, yet most evidence on social norms and community responses is drawn from Western populations. This study addresses this critical gap by examining how sociocultural norms shape recognition of, and responses to, DIPV across British and Chinese contexts, representing Western and East Asian sociocultural settings. Methods: Focus group interviews were conducted with 24 participants (12 males, 12 females) across 4 focus groups from singular Chinese, British, and bicultural backgrounds, recruited through social media and academic networks. Data were analyzed thematically using principles of grounded theory. Results: Thematic analysis revealed that social norms profoundly influence what is recognized as abuse, what responses are seen as acceptable, and when outsiders should intervene. UK participants were more attuned to non-physical abuse and expressed greater willingness to intervene. Chinese participants, especially those without overseas exposure, prioritized family privacy and narrower definitions of abuse, and preferred informal support to formal intervention. Bicultural participants showed more expansive recognition of abuse but retained elements of traditional beliefs. Conclusions: This study robustly demonstrates the central role of cultural context and social norms in shaping attitudes and responses to DIPV, extending research beyond Western-centric scholarship and advancing theoretical understanding of cross-cultural variation. The findings indicate that prevention should engage local values and informal controls, tailoring bystander strategies to culturally specific barriers and safety concerns.