Patterns of Living Alone in South Korea Compared to Other Countries: A Public Health Perspective and YouTube Topic Modeling Analysis

Abstract

Objectives: This study explored the experiences, challenges, and social dynamics of middle-aged individuals living alone in South Korea, compared with English-speaking individuals. From a public health perspective, this study examined cultural and generational factors influencing wellbeing. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study used topic modeling with natural language processing to analyze YouTube video comments related to single-person households collected from 30 Korean and 88 English-language channels. Results: Distinct cultural and generational differences emerged. Korean participants, particularly women, frequently expressed concerns about social stigma surrounding marriage and singlehood. English-speaking participants emphasized careers and personal independence. Themes included employment, financial security, travel, and food. Younger Koreans showed interest in leisure activities (mukbang, solo drinking). Older Koreans expressed concerns about economic stability and societal expectations. Conclusion: Understanding the cultural and generational context of living alone is essential for developing public health strategies addressing social isolation, mental health, and health equity. Digital platforms function as alternative social spaces, offering insights into socially isolated individuals’ needs. Public health interventions should consider online engagement to support wellbeing and reduce health disparities in this population.