Bisphenol A leaches from packaging to fruit juice commercially available in markets

Abstract

In the present work, the amounts of bisphenol A (BPA) were determined in ninety-three commercially available fruit juice (S1-S93) packed in different type of bottles made from polyethylene terephthalate (PET), multi-layer paper/plastic/aluminium (multi-layer PPA) and glass packaging materials. The BPA identification was performed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). BPA was identified in ∼83 % of the juice samples at concentrations ranged from 0.14–28.97 μg/L. PET bottled juice contained higher amounts of BPA (0.57–28.97 μg/L) than the juice packed in multi-layer PPA (not detected-5.48 μg/L) and glass (not detected-0.43 μg/L) packaging materials. The outcomes revealed that the variation of BPA concentrations in fruit juice is depend on the types of packaging materials. The dietary consumption of BPA was found to be 0.015 μg/kg bw/day, which is based on the achieved average BPA concentrations (4.37 μg/L). The obtained BPA exposure through the consumption of fruit juice was found to be lower than the threshold values (50 μg/L) set by the regulatory agencies. The results also demonstrated that fruit juice is a substantial dietary source of BPA and can be applied in epidemiological research to estimate the exposure of BPA from dietary surveys.