Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes of Early-onset and Late-onset Preeclampsia at a Tertiary Center Hospital

Abstract

Aim: Preeclampsia is still a major health problem in Indonesia, that causes maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. This study compares the maternal and perinatal outcomes between early-onset preeclampsia (EO-PE) and late-onset preeclampsia (LO-PE) at a tertiary care center in Indonesia during 2016. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study includes 102 patients with preeclampsia. Preeclampsia was divided based on the gestational age: <34 weeks as EO-PE and ≥34 weeks as LO-PE. The primary outcomes were maternal and perinatal outcomes. Results: The incidence of all preeclampsia in this study was 12.5% during 2016. EO-PE is associated with a longer length of stay compared to LO-PE [8 (5) vs 6 (3); p <0.0001]. Other maternal outcomes, such as mode of delivery, maternal death, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome, gestational diabetes mellitus, and lung edema, were not significantly different. EO-PE was also correlated with worse perinatal outcomes, such as preterm birth (97.6 vs 38%; p <0.001; OR 66.9; 95% CI: 8.49–527.1), baby birth weight [1,525 (763) vs 2,650 (650); p <0.001], baby birth length [41 (6) vs 47 (4); p <0.001], lower Apgar score at first minute [5 (5) vs 7 (2); p <0.0001], and lower Apgar score at fifth minute [7 (5) vs 8 (2); p <0.0001]. Conclusion: EO-PE is associated with worse maternal and perinatal outcomes compared to LO-PE. The presence of EO-PE should be responded to with tight monitoring and early intervention to reduce the risk of maternal and perinatal complications.