Values as Problems, Principles, and Tensions in Sociotechnical System Design for Journalism

Abstract

Through a systematic review of design contributions in journalism, this work examines how domain-specific values shape sociotechnical systems for newswork. We illustrate the different ways in which values define design problems and act as guiding principles for solutions. For instance, the value "accountability"functions as both a design problem (how to support journalists in accountability reporting) and as a guiding principle (features to ensure that systems remain accountable to users). Our analysis reveals how ten domain values shape design choices, and how these values can support or conflict with each other in practice. Building on these findings, we then discuss how designers might position their work in relation to stakeholders: journalists, the public, and technology providers. Each of these relationships presents unique value tensions for designers to consider and balance. In this way, our work provides practical guidance for creating systems that better serve newswork, helps designers reflect on how their choices impact different stakeholders, and contributes to critical computing discourses on where values require adjudication or deeper attention.