Atg9 vesicles make up autophagosomes

Abstract

Double-membrane autophagosomes sequester cytoplasmic material and target it for lysosomal degradation. Although more than 30 autophagy-related proteins (Atg) have been linked to the process in yeast, the origin of autophagosomal membranes has remained unclear. The sole multi-spanning transmembrane protein Atg9 labels cytoplasmic punctae and is required for autophagosome formation. Ohsumi…