Complex Structure Model Mutated Anode/Cathode Electrodes for Improving Large-Scale Battery Designs

Abstract

We fabricate diverse geometric scales of lithium-ion battery (LIB) pattern assemblies in CR2032 circular coin designs by using complex building-block (CBB) anode/cathode electrodes as hierarchical models. The CBB anode/cathode electrode architectonics are designed with multiple complex hierarchies, including uni-, bi-, and trimodal morphologies, multidirectional configurations, geometrical assemblies oriented in nano/microscale structures, and surface mesh topologies, which allow us to leverage half- and full-cell CBB-LIB models. The CBB-LIB CR2032 circular coin designs have a Coulombic efficacy of ∼99.7% even after 2000 lithiation/delithiation (discharge/charge) cycles, an outstanding battery energy density of 154.4 Wh/kg, and a specific discharge capacity of 163.6 mAh/g from 0.8 to 3.5 V and at 0.1 C. The architectonic configurations and geometrics of the modulated full-cell CBB-LIB CR2032 circular designs play key roles in creating sustainable, full-scale CBB-mutated LIBs with continuous and nonresistant surface transports and in achieving a sensible distribution of electron/Li+ ions. With hierarchical uni-, bi-, and trimodal complexities, a dense collar packing of anode/cathode CBB-mutated LIB pouch-type sets in stacked layers can facilitate a rational design of CBB-pouch-type LIBs. Our CBB-mutated pouch-type LIB models have a sustainable Li+ ion-transport along multicomplex CBB surfaces, substantial areal discharging capacity, and excellent volumetric- and gravimetric-cell energy densities and specific capacitances that fulfill the powerful force-driving range and trade-off requirements in electric vehicle applications.