Adherence to different complementary feeding methods in the first year of life: A randomized clinical trial

Abstract

Background Infant-guided methods, such as Baby-Led Introduction to SolidS (BLISS), encourage children to feed themselves from the same food consumed by their family since the beginning of the introduction of complementary foods, in opposition to the Parent-Led Weaning (PLW) method, which proposes foods mashed with a fork and given by parents. Adherence to child-guided methods is low due to a lack of confidence in the children’s ability to feed themselves. This study aimed to assess adherence to three methods of food introduction: PLW, BLISS, or mixed (PLW and BLISS) at seven, nine, and 12 months of age. Methods A randomized clinical trial was conducted with mother-infant pairs undergoing intervention at 5.5 months of age. Data were presented in absolute numbers and percentages and analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Results The sample was constituted of 139 mother-infant pairs: 45 (32%) used PLW, 48 (35%) used BLISS, and 46 (33%) used the mixed method. Adherence to the method at seven, nine, and 12 months of age children was 34.1% (n = 45), 28.5% (n = 37), and 34.1% (n = 46), respectively. The mixed method presented significantly higher adherence results: 69.0% (n = 29) at seven months, 55.8% (n = 24) at nine months, and 78.6% (n = 33) at 12 months (p<0.001). Among the sample that unfollowed the proposed method, those who used PLW and BLISS migrated mostly to the mixed method at 12 months, 60.0% (n = 27) and 72.9% (n = 35) of them, respectively, because of the feeding mode and 97.8% (n = 44) and 100.0% (n = 48) because of food consistency. Conclusion Complementary feeding in a mixed method presented higher adherence at seven, nine, and 12 months of age of children, which shows the feasibility of this approach to guide families in the introduction of complementary feeding.