Wet processing coffee waste as an alternative to produce extracts with antifungal activity: In vitro and in vivo valorization

Abstract

Wet coffee waste (WCW) generated by the wet processing of coffee, is mainly made up of coffee pulp and husk, and has been scarcely studied and reutilized. Therefore, the aim of this work was to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of an WCW ethanolic-extract (EWCW) obtained by ultrasonication (amplitude 70%, sonication time 45 min). EWCW had total phenolic content of 33.8 mg gallic acid equivalents/g and antioxidant activity of 1790.1 µmol Trolox equivalents/g. EWCW showed a potent in vitro antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Botryris cinerea, and Rhizopus stolonifer equivalent or superior to that of commercial synthetic carbendazim. Strawberries were wounded and inoculated with the three fungi for in vivo assays. After 5 d of inoculation, percentage of wounds presenting mold growth was of 16.7% (400 µg/mL of EWCW) and 38.2% (1000 µg/mL of carbendazim) for A. niger, and of 36.1% for B. cinerea and of 50.12% for R. stolonifer (2000 µg/mL of EWCW) compared to the 38.2% and 51.2% (1000 µg/mL of carbendazim), respectively. The efficient antifungal activity of EWCW can be mainly attributed to its majoritarian compounds chlorogenic acid (14.19 mg/g) and caffeic acid (1.18 mg/g), which represented 89.83% of the identified compounds.