Sustainable laser technology for the control of organisms and microorganisms in agri-food systems: a review

Abstract

We review the literature concerning the effects of laser light on organisms (insects) and microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi) present in agri-food systems. The evidence obtained shows that 1) Laser light is a sustainable technology that can be applied as a pesticide with the ability to annihilate and control insects. Higher annihilation rates are observed for more pigmented products, as determined by their thermal and optical properties. 2) The most frequently used laser beams to eliminate bacteria harmful to human health operate with a steady intensity in the visible domain (blue, green, and red light). 3) Laser beams are applied to control fungi (the most studied microorganism), viruses, as well as to increase plant resistance to them. Lasers with red beams, such as those emitted by He-Ne lasers, followed by diode lasers are most frequently reported in fungal control. Furthermore, antibacterial, and germicidal effects are increased by using photosensitizers. Finally, 4) laser light potentiates the metabolites and antimicrobial activity of some plants thereby improving their activity. Agri-food systems treated with laser beams have the potential to improve the quality of life of society.