Constituintes químicos e estudos toxicológicos do óleo essencial extraído das folhas de Citrus limon Burn (Rutaceae)

Abstract

The chemical characterization of the essential oil of Citrus limon (Rutaceae) leaves resulted in the identification of a mixture of monoterpenes (limonene, linalool, cis-limonene-oxide, trans-limonene-oxide, citronellal, neral, geranial, nerol e geranyl acetate). The structures of the compounds of essential oil were identified by GC/MS by comparison with literature data. The effects of the chronic oral administration of the essential oil of Citrus limon leaves were investigated on biochemical and hematological parameters in male adult Swiss mice. These animals (n=10/group) were orally treated daily for 30 days with essential oil of Citrus limon leaves with doses of 50, 100 or 150 mg kg-1 body weight and the biochemical and hematological parameters were evaluated. The treatment did not cause any deaths or toxicity in the animals. The administration of essential oil did not change biochemical and hematological parameters and organ weight, except for decreases of 21 and 11% in blood urea nitrogen and uric acid respectively, and 9%, in aspatate transaminase (AST) plasma level. For the hematological parameters, there were slight changes in which neutrophil, lymphocytes, eosinophils and monocyte counts were not different from the reference values. In addition, with respect to serum triglyceride a significant decrease was detected in mice treated with a dose of 150 mg kg-1 of essential oil from Citrus limon. In conclusion, the chronic administration of essential oil of Citrus limon leaves did not induce any harzadous effects on most of the biochemical and hematological parameters studied in male adult Swiss mice. However, the decrease in the levels in blood urea nitrogen and uric acid in high doses, suggests a possible effect of renal insufficiency and an increase in AST content, which in its turn, suggests a possible hepatic overload which should be investigated in more details.