Knowledge and Understanding of Menstrual Health in Women With Intellectual Disabilities: A Brief Report

Abstract

Background: Women with intellectual disabilities (ID) often lack effective education and support surrounding menstrual health. This can directly impact self-care, participation and regular engagement in sport and more generally, health and wellbeing. Methods: Twenty-two athletes from the Special Olympics were surveyed to assess knowledge and understanding of menstrual health. Responses were analyzed descriptively to identify their gaps in knowledge and understanding. Results: Many participants had misconceptions about menstrual hygiene, with most incorrectly estimating how frequently sanitary products should be changed. Few participants used tampons, which likely impacted their menstrual management, especially during sport activities. Additionally, knowledge about menopause was notably low, with no significant difference between age groups. Conclusions: This study highlights a critical need for targeted education and resources to improve menstrual health knowledge among women Special Olympic athletes with ID. Addressing these gaps can enhance their independence, quality of life and sport participation. Further research and interventions are necessary to better support this population in managing their menstrual health effectively.