Development of an E-scooter Simulator

Abstract

This paper introduces the development and validation of an e-scooter simulator at the Transportation and Ambient Mobility Systems (TAMS) Laboratory at “University of Patras”. E-scooters are gaining popularity as an eco-friendly mode of transport, but safety issues remain. The simulator allows users to interact with a virtual e-scooter within a Virtual Reality (VR) environment, using sensors for accurate transmission of movements. The chosen e-scooter is integrated into a mechanical structure for safety and efficiency. The virtual environment, designed with Unreal Engine (UE) software, replicates a familiar university campus location. Sensors include a rotary encoder for steering angle, a linear actuator with a potentiometer for surface slope, and a photoelectric sensor for speed measurement. Calibration parameters optimize speed data. Validation trials confirm accurate communication between the virtual e-scooter and the simulator. This innovative tool promises to enhance our understanding of e-scooter behavior and safety in various scenarios, addressing emerging challenges and contributing to safer micromobility solutions in urban areas.