The Perceived Role of Green Spaces on Mental Well-Being in Adults Living in Regional Communities: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Issue Addressed: Research in Australia has shown that green spaces enhance mental health. However, most studies focused on urban areas, leaving regional settings underexplored. This study explores the perceived role and features of green spaces in supporting the mental health and well-being of adults in regional Southeast Queensland, Australia. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 11 community residents aged 42–76 years from the Toowoomba Regional Council (TRC) area, and two focus group discussions (FGDs) were held with eight council officers. Transcripts were analysed thematically using NVivo. Results: Three key themes were identified regarding the role of green spaces: stress relief and restoration, spaces for physical and social activities, and barriers to and facilitators of green space use and activity engagement. Participants described green spaces as retreats from daily demands, fostering stress recovery, emotional balance and self-reflection. Green spaces also supported physical activity and encouraged social interaction. Accessibility, perceived safety, maintenance and environmental conditions were identified as factors influencing usage and associated health benefits of green spaces. Conclusion: Green space in regional settings offers multifaceted benefits for mental health and well-being, including restorative effects, opportunities for physical activity and social connection. However, accessibility, safety and seasonal challenges influence the use of green spaces and health outcomes. So What?: This study highlights the importance of green spaces for mental health in regional Australia, underscoring the need for context-specific planning and management to optimise health benefits. These findings may inform policies and interventions to enhance green space quality, accessibility and utilisation in regional contexts.