Reproductive outcomes in an area adjacent to a petrochemical plant in southern Brazil

Abstract

Objective. To evaluate possible adverse reproductive outcomes in an area adjacent to a petrochemical plant in southern Brazil. Methods. A review of 17,113 birth records of the main hospital of the municipality of Montenegro, southern Brazil, from 1983 to 1998 was carried out. Three groups of cases were selected: (1) newborns with major congenital malformations; (2) newborns with low birth weight (<2,500 g); and (3) stillborns (>500 g). A control was assigned to each case. Controls were the first newborns weighing ≥2,500 g without malformations and of case-matching sex. Mother's residence during pregnancy was used as an exposure parameter. Statistical analyses were performed using Chi-square test or Fisher test, odds ratio, 0.05 significance level, and 95% confidence interval. Results. For unadjusted analysis, it was found a correlation between low birth weight and geographical proximity of mother's residence to the petrochemical plant (OR = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.01-2.72) or residence on the way of preferential wind direction (OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.03-2.56). When other covariates were added in the conditional logistic regression (maternal smoking habits, chronic disease and age), there was no association. Conclusions. Despite final results were negative, low birth weight could be a good parameter of environmental contamination and should be closely monitored in the studied area.