HIF-1α and ENPP2 as Biomarkers in Chemotherapy Resistance of Children with Neuroblastoma in south Iraq

Abstract

Background: The most common extra-cranial solid tumor in kids, Neuroblastoma (NB) accounts for 10% of all pediatric oncology fatalities. It emerges in the embryonic neural crest due to the uncontrolled behavior of sympathetic nervous system progenitors, giving rise to heterogeneous tumors. Although immunotherapy and targeted therapy have advanced quickly, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation (RT) still make up the majority of first-line options for treating cancer. Recurrence of the illness and diminished efficacy of chemotherapy and RT are among the factors that contribute to treatment failure. This study was aimed at evaluating the effects HIF-1α, ENPP2 and oxidant / antioxidant of chemotherapy resistance with NB children. Methods: This study extended from May 2022 to end of March 2023, with age range 2 months to 12 years. 70 children (male/ female) were divided into three groups. Group A: includes 35 healthy children as control group, and group B: includes 35 patients of Newly diagnosed and group C: after three cycles of chemotherapy. Detailed information regarding the age and gender was recorded for every participant. Results: The present study's findings showed a considerable rise in (p˂0.05) at the levels of HIF-1α, MDA, ENPP2 while the outcomes showed a statistically significant decrease (p˂0.05) at the levels of GSH, in the sera samples of patients with NB (pre-treatment) when compared to the control group. The findings, on the other hand, demonstrate that each of the following parameters—HIF-1, MDA, and GSH—decreased in levels in NB patients after receiving chemotherapy dosages. Nevertheless, following therapy, ENPP2 levels increased. Conclusion: Our findings are indicative of the fact that early diagnosis plays an important role in the effectiveness of chemotherapy. and the levels of oxidant-anti oxidant status, HIF-1α and ENPP2 are significant features of the monitoring of disease progression and the efficacy of treatment.