Prehistoric Archeology in Baling, Kedah: A Review of Chronology, Cultural Evolution and Environment

Abstract

Kedah is a state rich in historical records and this includes the existence of prehistoric communities in some areas such as in Baling which have done archaeological research and excavations. This research is conducted by researchers from within and outside the country using various approaches as examples of scientific analysis. Archaeological research in Kedah began by not on purpose to find various findings and information that led to the discovery of places related to prehistoric society. Especially in the Baling area, Kedah early research activities were started by H.D Collings in 1936 when he conducted a survey of the limestone caves found in Baling. The results of H.D Collings' initial research led to further studies conducted by local researchers in the Baling area. Such as, this paper will discuss every study that has been done in Baling starting with the initial study until the latest study. Through a review of the results of previous research, it can be seen that the results of different studies and even through this can also be identified a new scope for researchers who want to do further research in this area of Baling. Prehistoric studies in Baling, Kedah are still continued to this day based on data that have been recorded by previous researchers, as it is known that most of these studies continue to focus on the Baling area because this area is an area with high potential to be inhabited by prehistoric societies. This is also based on the geographical aspect, which is where the Baling area, surrounded by mountains and limestone caves as well as close to a large river, thus fulfilling the main characteristics of the prehistoric community dwelling area at that time.