Female Infertility

Abstract

Infertility is a common medical condition that affects up to 15% of couples. In addition to the wide range of potential etiologies, infertility is complex in ways unique within obstetrics and gynecology, given its involvement of both the patient and her partner as well as the variable insurance coverage and access to resources. The diagnosis of infertility, alongside the evaluation and treatment, can be an emotionally challenging and uniquely difficult time for patients and their partners alike, often impacting their quality of life and relationship. Importantly, with the delays in child-bearing in our society, the impact of a woman’s age and the biological clock are playing a critical role. Fortunately, with advances in diagnostic and therapeutic maneuvers including assisted reproductive technologies, there are many options that can maximize a woman’s chances for building a family. This chapter outlines the initial evaluation of a patient with in fertility including the most common etiologies, the diagnostic work-up, and current and evolving treatment options.