Embedded Fibre Bragg Grating sensor response model: Crack growing detection in fibre reinforced plastic materials

Abstract

This article presents a novel method to simulate the sensor output response of a Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) sensor when embedded in a host material (Composite material or adhesive), during a crack growing/damage event. A finite element model of the crack growth mechanisms was developed, and different fracture modes were addressed. Then an output algorithm was developed to predict the sensor spectrum change during the different stages of the crack growing. Thus, it is possible to identify specific phenomenon that will only happen within the proximity of a crack, as compression field ahead the crack or non-uniform strain, and then identify the presence of such damage in the structure. Experimental tests were conducted in order to validate this concept and support the model. The FBG sensor response model was applied in a delamination of a Wind Turbine trailing edge, to demonstrate the applicability of this technique to more complicated structures, and to be used as a structural health monitoring design tool.