Renal vascularisation anomalies in the Polish population. Coexistence of arterial and venous anomalies in the vascular pedicle of the kidney

Abstract

Background: The aim of the study was to determine the coexistence of arterial and venous anomalies in the vascular pedicle of the kidney in the Polish population. Materials and methods: The study group comprised 550 corpses, including 281 male (mean age 52 ± 22 years), and 269 female corpses (mean age 56.4 ± ± 23 years) (p = 0.02). The vascular bundle was removed together with the kidney, “en bloc”; the vessels were subject to radiological contrasting and preparation. The obtained results were subject to statistical analysis (the exact Fisher test, c2 test of independence for cross-tabulation 2 × 2 tables, and the odds ratio with the confidence interval at a level of 0.95, calculated on the basis of the contingency dependence). Statistica 12 and Microsoft Excel were used for calculations. Results: Variations in the structure of the renal venous system were observed in 33.8%; insignificantly more often in male (35.9%), as compared to female patients (31.6%). Deviations in the structure of the renal arteries were observed significantly more often in patients with renal venous system developmental disorders (p = 0.0071). In patients with a normal renal venous system, arterial kidney structure deviations were observed in 34.9% of cases, significantly more often in male (40%), as compared to female (29.7%) patients (p = 0.043). On the other hand, in venous system pathologies, the above-mentioned deviations were observed in 46.8% of cases (p = 0.002). Amongst developmental anomalies of the venous system, right-sided venous excess was observed in 20.4% of cases, including 48% of renal artery developmental pathologies, significantly more often in male (61.3%), as compared to female (32%) patients (p = 0.002). Conclusions: Renal artery anomalies of the kidney vascular pedicle are significantly correlated with the coexistence of venous system variations. This is especially true for male patients, which favours female kidneys for transplantation.