Trends in diabetes mellitus prevalence and gender disparities in Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the prevalence of DM focusing on demographic trends, gender disparities, and age distribution. Additionally, it evaluates diabetes control rates. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study examined DM trends (2021-2023). It included patients with type 1 or type 2 DM from various healthcare settings. RESULTS: The number overall number of diabetes cases has grown from 41,876 in 2021 to 46,889 in 2023, reflecting an annual rise of 5.7% (2022) and 6% (2023). The majority of cases (85.1%) were observed in individuals aged 40 and above, having the greatest prevalence in the 50-59 age group (25.3%). A significant gender disparity was found, with 54.4% of cases occurring in males and 45.6% in females (χ²=355.539, degrees of freedom=1, p<0.001), indicating a statistically significant association between gender and diabetes prevalence. The proportion of controlled diabetes cases fluctuated, accounting for 44.1% in 2021, 42% in 2022, and 44% in 2023. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate a steady increase in DM prevalence in Jazan, with significant age and gender disparities. The study underscores the need for early screening programs, targeted lifestyle interventions, and improved diabetes management strategies to address the growing burden of the disease.