Advances and development trends in solar photovoltaic-thermal technology: a review

Abstract

The growth of global energy demand and the aggravation of environmental pollution have prompted the rapid development of renewable energy, in which the solar photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) heat pump system, as a technology integrating photovoltaic power generation and thermal energy conversion, has also ushered in the development and challenges. This paper reviews the relevant literature in detail, and solar PV/T heat pump technology is overviewed from three perspectives. Photovoltaic/thermal collectors are classified into three main types: air-cooled, liquid-cooled, and heat pipe. The advantages and disadvantages of different collectors and applicable scenarios are analyzed. The system energy efficiency, performance enhancement, and optimization strategies of the new coupled system established by PV/T technology and different heat pump technologies are discussed, emphasizing the potential of PV/T heat pump systems in improving the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency, energy saving, and emission reduction. The impact of the outdoor environment and regional applicability on the performance of collector components and systems are analyzed, and the technical, environmental, and market challenges facing the system were identified. Finally, future trends in PV/T heat pump technology are outlined, including technological innovation, cost reduction, and market expansion, as well as their importance in the global energy transition. The results of this study indicate that PV/T heat pump systems play an important role in achieving green and sustainable development; however, further technological breakthroughs and market promotion are still needed.