A Comorbidity Index and Pretransplant Physical Status Predict Survival in Older Kidney Transplant Recipients: A National Prospective Study

Abstract

Background. Kidney transplantation KT is considered the best treatment for end-stage kidney disease ESKD. In the increasing elderly ESKD population, KT should be reserved for carefully selected candidates who are expected to experience favorable outcomes. We aimed to prospectively evaluate pretransplant recipient factors that may predict patient survival and can eventually guide therapeutic decisions in elderly with ESKD. Methods. Recipient factors were evaluated in KT candidates aged ≥65 y. Comorbidity was assessed at waitlisting according to the Liu comorbidity index LCI. Health-related quality of life outcomes were measured using the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form, version 1.3. The Cox proportional hazard regression was used to evaluate predictors of patient survival. Results. We included 192 recipients, with a mean age of 72.1 4.1 y, who were transplanted with kidneys from deceased brain-dead donors. During a median observation period of 4.6 3.2-6.3 y, 66 recipients died. Elevated LCI consistently predicted poor patient survival. In recipients with LCI ≥4, dialysis >2 y comprised a 2.5-fold increase in mortality risk compared with recipients on dialysis ≤2 y. Self-reported pretransplant physical function was also proven to be a significant positive predictor of survival. Conclusion. The implementation of LCI and a physical function score during the evaluation of older kidney transplant candidates may improve the selection and thereby optimize posttransplant outcomes.