Health-promoting behaviors among hypertensive adult patients with and without comorbidities in Indonesia: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate health-promoting behaviors among hypertensive patients with and without comorbidities. Methods: A cross-sectional study using multistage cluster sampling in Indonesia was applied. The health-promoting behaviors were assessed using Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile 2 and analyzed using independent t-test, point-biserial correlation, and logistic regression. Results: A total of 116 participants joined this study. The score of health-promoting behaviors in adults with and without hypertension was 2.90 and 2.79, respectively. Hypertensive patients with comorbidities had significantly higher results than those without comorbidities, with the following results for the considered subscales: total score (t = -2.00, P = 0.047); health responsibility (t = -3.46, P = 0.001); and nutrition (t = -2.82, P = 0.006). Positive correlations were found between health responsibility (rpb = 0.260, P < 0.01), nutrition (rpb = 0.255, P < 0.01), and health-promoting behaviors (rpb = 0.185, P < 0.05) and the existing comorbidity. Only gender indicated a significant outcome for the existing comorbidity in hypertensive patients (odds ratio = 4.314, P = 0.027, 95% confidence interval = 1.185-15.706). Conclusions: Hypertensive patients with comorbidities showed higher engagement in health-promoting behaviors and the male gender was a significant predictor for existing comorbidity among patients with hypertension.