AASLD Practice Guidance on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma

Abstract

AASLD, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases; ACP, advance care planning; AE, adverse event; AFP, alpha fetoprotein; ALBI, albumin-bilirubin; APHE, arterial phase hyperenhancement; BCLC, Barcelona Liver Clinic Cancer; CEUS, contrast-enhanced ultrasound; CI, confidence interval; CSPH, clinically significant portal hypertension; CT, computed tomography; ctDNA, circulating tumor DNA; DCP, des gamma carboxy prothrombin; EBRT, external beam radiation therapy; ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status; EGD, esophagogastroduodenoscopy; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; FLR, future liver remnant; GI, gastrointestinal; HBV, hepatitis B virus; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; HR, hazard ratio; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; irAE, immune-related adverse event; LDLT, living donor liver transplantation; LI-RADS, Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System; LT, liver transplant; MELD, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease; MIS, minimally invasive surgery; mRECIST, modified response evaluation criteria in solid tumors; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; mTKI, multikinase inhibitor; OPTN, Organ Procurement and Transplant Network; ORR, objective response rate; OS, overall survival; PBT, proton beam therapy; PD1, programmed death 1; PD-L1, programmed death ligand 1; PET, positron emission tomography; PFS, progression-free survival; PVTT, portal vein tumor thrombus; RCT, randomized controlled trial; RECIST, response evaluation criteria in solid tumors; RETREAT, Risk Estimation of Tumor Recurrence After Transplant; SVR, sustained virological response; TACE, transarterial chemoembolization; TARE, transarterial radioembolization; TTP, time to progression; UNOS, United Network for Organ Sharing; UNOS-DS, UNOS downstaging; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.