Cyclosporine exposure and calcineurin phosphatase activity in living-donor liver transplant patients: Twice daily vs. once daily dosing

Abstract

We have compared the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cyclosporine between once- and twice-daily dosing regimens in de novo patients of living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT). A total of 14 patients were enrolled in this study, who had received cyclosporine microemulsion (Neoral) twice a day (BID, n = 5) or once daily in the morning (QD, n = 9) after transplantation. On postoperative day (POD) 6, the QD regimen significantly increased cyclosporine exposure; the blood concentration at 2 hours postdose (C2) and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for 4 hours (AUC0-4), compared with the BID regimen. Moreover, the area under the calcineurin (CaN) activity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells time-curve (AUA) for 12 hours (AUA0-12) and 24 hours (AUA0-24) were decreased by approximately 42 and 25% with the QD regimen relative to the BID regimen, respectively. The C2 level was significantly correlated with the AUC0-4 (r2 = 0.95), which was negatively related to the AUA0-12 with a large interindividual variability (r2 = 0.59). However, a significant correlation was found between the AUA0-12 or AUA0-24 and CaN activity at trough time points. According to a maximum inhibitory effect attributable to the drug (Emax) model, the mean estimates of Emax and the Cb value that gives a half-maximal effect (EC50) for CaN inhibition were not significantly different between the 2 groups, respectively. These findings suggest that a once daily morning administration of cyclosporine may improve oral absorption and help to provide an effective CaN inhibition early after LDLT. Furthermore, CaN activity at trough time points would be a single surrogate predictor for toe overall CaN activity throughout dosing intervals following cyclosporine administration. © 2006 AASLD.