Perceptions of types, influences, and how select Central European entrepreneurship ecosystems developed in the biopharmaceutical sector

Abstract

The present paper seeks to explore factors related to the types, influences, reasons for influences, and how entrepreneurship ecosystems developed in the biopharmaceutical sector in select regions of Central Europe. It is motivated by specific gaps in the literature related to entrepreneurial ecosystems. Findings from a survey of multiple actors' perceptions in these areas are presented. Findings show that most ecosystems reside in areas with multiple innovative industries, that this has a slight positive influence on the development of this sector, and that over time these entrepreneurial ecosystems are becoming more directed as opposed to growing spontaneously.