Diagnosis and management of ventricular dysphonia

Abstract

The definition, etiologies, diagnosis, and therapeutic considerations for ventricular dysphonia have been presented. Three cases with different etiologic factors have been described. The speech examination must be supplemented by indirect or direct laryngoscopy, and the flexible nasopharyngolaryngoscope has facilitated greatly the examination of the patient with any form of dysphonia. The rationale for vocal rehabilitation is discussed. Therapeutic recommendations must be considered on an individual basis.