Emergence of hyperons in failed supernovae: Trigger of the black hole formation

Abstract

We investigate the emergence of strange baryons in the dynamical collapse of a nonrotating massive star to a black hole using neutrino-radiation hydrodynamical simulations in general relativity. By following the dynamical formation and collapse of a nascent proto-neutron star from the gravitational collapse of a 40 M⊙ star adopting a new hyperonic equation-of-state (EOS) table, we show that the hyperons do not appear at the core bounce but populate quickly-0.5-0.7 s after the bounce to trigger the recollapse to a black hole. They start to show up off center owing to high temperatures and later prevail at center when the central density becomes high enough. The neutrino emission from the accreting proto-neutron star with the hyperonic EOS stops much earlier than the corresponding case with a nucleonic EOS, while the average energies and luminosities are quite similar in the two cases. These features of the neutrino signal are a potential probe of the emergence of new degrees of freedom inside the black hole forming collapse. © 2009. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in the U.S.A.