Visualization of deep choroidal vasculatures and measurement of choroidal vascular density: a swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography approach

Abstract

Background: To investigate swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA) for deep choroid visualization and choroidal vascular density (CVD) measurement. Methods: Healthy subjects and central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) patients were recruited for macular SS-OCTA scans. We evaluated OCTA images at various depths to determine an optimal depth for visualizing choroidal vasculatures. We measured CVD with binarized OCTA images at the optimal depth. In healthy subjects, CVD was studied for its correlation with age, axial length (AL), and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT). In CSC eyes, CVD was compared with matched controls. Results: Ninety-one healthy eyes and 22 CSC eyes were included. SS-OCTA could display deep choroidal vasculatures as dark signals, with 100 μm beneath BM as the optimal depth. In healthy subjects, the CVD at 100 μm beneath BM (56.5 ± 10.9%) was significantly correlated with SCT (P = 0.004) but not with age (P = 0.49) or AL (P = 0.72). In CSC eyes, the CVD at 100 μm beneath BM (62.3 ± 6.6%) was larger than that in 22 matched controls (54.1 ± 8.0%) (P = 0.001). The difference remained statistically significant after adjusting for SCT (P = 0.02). Conclusions: SS-OCTA can be used for visualizing deep choroidal vasculatures. CVD measured by OCTA at 100 μm beneath BM is a useful parameter for quantifying choroidal vascular status.