The effect of multi mineral‑vitamin D supplementation on pregnancy outcomes in pregnant women at risk for pre‑eclampsia

Abstract

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the favorable effects of multi mineral‑Vitamin D supplementation on pregnancy outcomes among women at risk for pre‑eclampsia. Methods: This randomized double‑blind controlled clinical trial was conducted among 46 women at risk for pre‑eclampsia at 27 weeks’ gestation with positive roll‑over test. Pregnant women were randomly assigned to receive either the multi mineral‑Vitamin D supplements (n = 23) or the placebo (n = 23) for 9‑week. Multi mineral‑Vitamin D supplements were containing 800 mg calcium, 200 mg magnesium, 8 mg zinc, and 400 IU Vitamin D3. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 9‑week intervention to measure related factors. Newborn’s outcomes were determined. Results: Although no significant difference was seen in newborn’s weight and head circumference between the two groups, mean newborns’ length (51.3 ± 1.7 vs. 50.3 ± 1.2 cm, P = 0.03) was significantly higher in multi mineral‑Vitamin D group than that in the placebo group. Compared to the placebo, consumption of multi mineral‑Vitamin D supplements resulted in increased levels of serum calcium (+0.19 vs. −0.08 mg/dL, P = 0.03), magnesium (+0.15 vs. −0.08 mg/dL, P = 0.03), zinc (+8.25 vs. −21.38 mg/dL, P = 0.001) and Vitamin D (+3.79 vs. −1.37 ng/ml, P = 0.01). In addition, taking multi mineral‑Vitamin D supplements favorably influenced systolic blood pressure (SBP) (−1.08 vs. 6.08 mmHg, P = 0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (−0.44 vs. 3.05 mmHg, P = 0.02). Conclusions: Multi mineral‑Vitamin D supplementation for 9‑week in pregnant women at risk for pre‑eclampsia resulted in increased newborn’s length, increased circulating levels of maternal serum calcium, magnesium, zinc and Vitamin D, and led to decreased maternal SBP and DBP.