The Nature and Arrangement of Pentatricopeptide Domains and the Linker Sequences Between Them

Abstract

The tricopeptide (amino acid number in the 30s) repeats constitute some of the most common amino acid repeats in proteins of diverse organisms. The most important representatives of this class are the 34-residue and 35-residue repeats, eponymously known as tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) and pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR), respectively. The unit motif of both consists of a pair of alpha helices. As members of the large, all-helical repeat classes, TPR and PPR share structural similarities, but also play specific roles in protein function. In this study, a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis of the PPR units and the linkers that connect them was conducted. The results suggested the existence of PPR repeats of various formats, as well as smaller, PPR-unrelated repeats. Besides their length, these repeats differed in amino acid arrangements and location of key amino acids. These findings provide a broader and unified perspective of the pentatricopeptide family while raising provocative questions about the assembly and evolution of these domains.