Cloro, el ion olvidado y su relación con el suero fisiológico

Abstract

Chloride is the anion of highest concentration in the extracellular fluid, it contributes between 100 to 300 mosm/L to the tonicity of plasma[1], and its plasma concentration is frequently reported in the different services as part of the general evaluation of plasma electrolytes. However, chloremia is often not taken into account beyond its role in the acid-base calculation. In the last times, chloride has begun to take importance by diverse reports where it would be associated to dyschloremias and in particular the hyperchloremic acidosis with harmful effects in the organism[2]. On the other hand, we have normal saline, which is massively used worldwide[3]. With a composition characterized by supra-physiological levels of chloride[4], being the main cause of hyperchloremic acidosis[5]. The objective of this review is to show the importance of chloride in different systems of the body, its relationship with normal saline and in turn the relationship of this one with the potential deleterious effects of hyperchloremic acidosis.