Effect of open and closed endotracheal suction systems on cardiopulmonary parameters among mechanically ventilated patients: a comparative study

Abstract

Background & objective: Endotracheal intubation is performed as a part of the majority of all general anesthesia cases, and periodic suction is a routine part of treatment. Intubation stimulates mucus production, which needs to be removed by suction. But suction has some serious side effects, including hypoxia and cardiovascular stimulation. To determine the least harmful method of endotracheal tube suction, we conducted this study to compare open and closed suction systems and their effect on cardiopulmonary parameters in patients on mechanical ventilation. Methodology: For this research, a method known as quasi-experimental research methodology was used. Eighty patients from the intensive care unit (ICU) were included in a purposive sample. Three sections of the patient evaluation document—biodemographic information, health-related information, and the cardiopulmonary parameters (heart rate (HR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), respiratory rate (RR), and oxygen saturation (SpO2) analysis sheet—were retrieved from the patients’ history sheets. Results: There were notable differences in the closed suction method in terms of SpO2, HR, and RR based on the mean scores of cardiopulmonary parameters, between the readings before and after suctioning. However, MAP, DBP, and SBP did not significantly differ from one another. Conclusion: The use of a closed suction system versus an open one, during mechanical ventilation, results in fewer changes in the cardiopulmonary parameters of the ventilated patients.