Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu (PTT) Padi Ramah Lingkungan Terhadap Hasil Padi dan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca di lahan Sawah Irigasi

Abstract

ABSTRAKBudidaya padi merupakan salah satu sumber potensial penyumbang GRK) seperti gas methan (CH4),yang menyumbang sekitar 11% berupa emisi gas CH4di dalam atmosfer. Budidaya padi menghasilkan emisi gas methan yang tinggi diperkirakan sebesar 2.57  T.g per tahun. Emisi gas methan diperkirakan sekitar 58 % berasal dari budidaya padi sawah terutama di pulau Jawa.Implementasi pengelolaan tanaman terpadu (PTT) padi sawah ramah lingkungan diharapkan mampu menekan emisi gas methan. Pengkajian telah dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan paket teknologi PTT padi Ramah Lingkungan yang  meningkatkan hasil padi dan menurunkan emisi gas methan pada lahan sawah irigasi. Pengkajian dilahan petani (“Onfarm research”) telah dilaksanakan pada daerah penghasil var. Rojolele yaitu di Desa Gempol, Kab. Klaten dari bulan Maret sampai bulan September 2016 seluas 1,8 ha yang melibatkan sembilan petani binaan, setiap petani seluas 0,20 hektar. Rancangan Acak Kelompok digunakan dengan delapan ulangan. Duajenis PTT Padi Ramah Lingkungan dan Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu Padi eksisting.Pertama, PTT Padi  Ramah Lingkungan (PTTRL))  yang terdiri atas komponen (a) Benih var.  Rojolele dengan “seed treatment” Reagent 5 EC, (b) Umur bibit 20 hari (c) sistem tanam jajar legowo tipe 2 : 1, Jml bibit 2 tanaman/rumpun (d) Pemupukan berimbang dengan dua aras yaitu  takaran N  (sumber ZA), pemberian berdasarkan Bagan Warna Daun (BWD), +  unsur P dan K berdasarkan perangkat PUTS  +  500 kg Petroganik//ha(PTTPetro), N berdasarkan BWD (sumber ZA), pupuk P dan K berdasarkan PUTS + 2 ton Pukan/ha (PTTPukan). Kedua, PTT eksisting yang dominan (PTTExist) terdiri atas (a) Varietas Rojolele,  umur bibit 25 hari, (b), Cara tanam sistem tegel 25 cm x 25 cm (c), Takaran pupuk  yang dominan di tingkat petani, (d), Pengendalian OPT berdasarkan kalender). Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, komponen hasil dan hasil padi. Pengamatan emisi (gas CH4dan gas N2O) dengan menggunakan “sungkup”  pada umur 42, 63, 105 dan 112 Hari setelah tanam (Hst). Pengukuran emisi rumah kaca dilaksanakan di Kantor Balingtan Pati.Hasil penelitan menunjukkan bahwa  (1) Penerapan (PTTPetro) memberikan hasil yang tertinggi (5,219 t GKP/ha) meningkatkan hasil sebesar 30 % diatas kontrol ((3.620 t GKP/ha), dan menurunkan emisi gas CH4 sebesar 13,6%\ dibawah kontrol (emisi:76,05kgCH4/ha/musim). Kata kunci: 1, PTT,2, Padi, 3. emisi gas metana (CH4), 4. sawah irigasiABSTRACTRice cultivation to produce of highest methan gases i.e 2.57  Tg per years.  Methan gas emission be predicted by 58 % from rice sawah culture from Java. The implementation of rice integrated plant management (IPM) to increase of productivuty and able to supress of greenhouse emission (GHGs).  The Goals of this experiment was to find out of technology packages of potensial local rice IPM specific central java and  feasibility rice farming. On farm research was conducted in central development of Rojolele variety i.e Gempol, Karanganom subdistrict, Klaten district since March-September 2016 about 1.60 hectares. Randomized Block Designs used with  eight replicated (eight farmers, each farmers about 0,20 ha). Two kinds of Rice IPM,  First, Rice IPM enviromental friendly (IPMR-EF) with eight farmers as replicated. Technology componen of (IPMR-EF) consisted of (a) the use of Rojolele var with “seed treatment” Reagent 5 SC, (b) Seedling age  20 days, (c) jajar legowo transplanting system, 2 : 1 types, Seedling numbers 1 – 2 plant/hills (d) Balance fertilizers consisted of two levels i,e (d1)  N dosis(ZA sources) based on Leaf Colour Charge (BWD), + Phosphor and Photassium based on  PUTS Kit,  +  500 kg Petroganic/ha, (IPMPetro) Dosage of (N/ZA sources), + Phosphor and Potassium based on PUTS Kit, and  2 ton farmyard manure/ha (e) Pest regulation (Regulation of rice sowing by hayati agent such ash (Metarhizium anisopliae 5 cc/l, Beauveria basisiana). The usage of pesticides will be applied if insect population over threshould. Second (IPMR-FYM,) the same treatment first but source of organic fertilizer as  Farmyard Manure 2 ton/ha (IPMFYM). Third treatment (IPMR-exs) were rice farmer management dominant, consisted of (a) Rojolele variety, seedling age 25 days (b), “Tegel transplanting system” (c), farmers dominant fertilizer dosages (d), pestidicide calender system.Parameters were collected such as plant growth, yield component and yield. Observers of greenhouse emission such as CH4 and N2O used “Box Chamber” at 42;   63;  105;  and 112 days after transplanting.  Emisson methan and N2O were conducted in in Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute (IAERI)  in Pati. Input-output” data farming system among (IPMR-EFTg and IPMR-Effym) compared to control (IPMR-exs). Technical data were analized by variant analysis continued by DMRT05. Visibility of introduction IPM technology (IPMR-RL) was analized with use B/Cratio.   Research resulted that (1) IPMR-FYM  (Use Rojolele cv, seedling age  20 days, plant system type 2 : 1 “jajar legowo”  with fertilizers dosaage based on PUTS Kit  (N soures ZA + Phonska) + 2 t FYM/ha, application of nabati pesticide and intermittent irrigation able to give highest yield (5,219 t Gkg/ha) to increase 30 % over control (3.620 t Gkg/ha), but to decrease methan gas emission 13,6 % under control/IPMExist (gas CH4 emission : 76,05 kg CH4/ha/seasons).umur 42, 63, 105 dan 112 Hari setelah tanam (Hst)Keywords: IPM, , Rice, Glasshouse Emission, irrigated land