Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance surveillance data sources in primary care setting: a scoping review

Abstract

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health warning that increases mortality, morbidity, and medical expenses. Effective AMR surveillance is essential to guide interventions and maintain treatment efficacy. While AMR surveillance is studied in various healthcare settings, data sources in primary care settings need to be evaluated. Aim: To identify the value of utilizing AMR surveillance data in primary care settings to inform community antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) practices. Methods: Eligibility criteria included primary studies, randomized and nonrandomised controlled trials, observational studies, surveys, qualitative studies, mixed-method studies, and grey literature in primary care published worldwide from 2001 to 2024. Results: Our review of 21 included studies emphasized the significance of utilizing AMR surveillance data to enhance clinical care. Clinicians need to better understand the local AMR pattern when prescribing primary care antibiotics. Despite limitations, educational interventions can change prescribing behaviour. AMR increased because local susceptibility data frequently did not inform empirical antibiotic treatment. Digital and geospatial platforms could enhance surveillance with institutional support and standardized data integration. Conclusion: This analysis highlights the need for user-friendly, real-time, and easily accessible data visualization platforms to improve AMR surveillance and AMS in primary care. Addressing data accessibility and providing training and education are crucial elements. Standardising data and utilizing digital technologies can improve decision-making and antibiotic prescribing. These elements must be incorporated into a consistent and adaptive plan for effective AMS interventions and public health outcomes.