Experience of speech pathology and nutritional monitoring of oral feeding in older people from a community-based approach

  • Rivas M
  • Albornoz A
  • Rivera P
  • et al.
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Abstract

ABSTRACT Purpose: to describe the changes in the body composition and swallowing of an older-people group from a community-based speech therapy and nutrition program. Methods: a pre-experimental study of a single group was carried out, with prospective timing and pre-post evaluation for three months. The Body Mass Index (BMI), percentage of body fat (%BF), percentage of muscle mass (%MM), percentage of visceral fat (%VF), swallowing performance, and Swallowing Quality of Life (Swall-QoL) were evaluated. The Spearman correlation coefficient and the Mann-Whitney U test were used, significance level p<0.05. Results: 13 older people participated in the study. The average age of the group was 73.8 years (SD= 4.6). The BMI (pre=28.17; post=28.38), %BF (pre=38.5; post=38.7), %MM (pre=24.8; post=24.9) and %VF (pre=14.3; post=14.8) did not present significant differences (p>0.05). The scores obtained in the deglutition test was pre=19.15 and post=18.9. An association between BMI and VF (Rho=0.74; p=0.02) was detected. Conclusion: the program represented a community-based instance of health promotion focus on oral feeding of older people.RESUMEN Objetivo: describir los cambios generados en la composición corporal y deglución de un grupo de personas mayores a partir de un programa de acompañamiento fonoaudiológico y nutricional, de base comunitario. Métodos: estudio pre-experimental de grupo único, con temporalidad prospectiva y evaluación pre-post para un periodo de 3 meses. Se evaluó el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC), porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC), porcentaje de masa muscular (%MM), porcentaje de grasa visceral (% GV), desempeño deglutorio y calidad de vida asociada a la deglución (CVaD). Se utilizó el coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y la prueba U de Mann-Whitney, considerando un nivel de significancia p<0,05. Resultados: 13 personas mayores participaron en el estudio. La edad media del grupo fue de 73,8 años (D.S.= 4.6). El IMC (pre= 28.17; post= 28.38), %GC (pre= 38.5; post= 38.7), %MM (pre= 24.8; post= 24.9) y %GV (pre= 14.3; post= 14.8) no advirtieron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p>0.05). Los puntajes obtenidos en la prueba de tamizaje deglutorio fueron pre= 19.15; y post= 18.9. Se detectó una asociación entre IMC y GV (Rho= 0.74; p=0.02). Conclusión: el programa representó una instancia de promoción de la salud centrada en la alimentación oral de personas mayores en la comunidad.

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Rivas, M. N. del C., Albornoz, A. P. U., Rivera, P. A. H., & Venegas, C. A. O. (2021). Experience of speech pathology and nutritional monitoring of oral feeding in older people from a community-based approach. Revista CEFAC, 23(5). https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0216/202123513820

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