Impact of chronic comorbidities on hospitalization, intensive care unit admission and death among adult vaccinated and unvaccinated COVID-19 confirmed cases during the Omicron wave

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Comorbidities are important risk factors of severe COVID-19 complications. Their impact during the Omicron wave among vaccinated and unvaccinated COVID-19 cases is not well documented. PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between the number of comorbidities and the risk of hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and death among vaccinated and unvaccinated confirmed adult COVID-19 cases during the Omicron wave. RESEARCH DESIGN AND STUDY SAMPLE: We performed a cohort study of COVID-19 adult cases of primo-infection occurring during the Omicron wave, from December 5, 2021 to January 9, 2022 using surveillance database of the province of Québec, Canada. The database included all laboratory-confirmed cases in the province and the related information on 21 pre-existing comorbidities, hospitalization, ICU admission, death related to COVID-19 and vaccination status. ANALYSIS: We performed a robust Poisson regression model to estimate the impact of the number of comorbidities on each complication by vaccination status adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and living environment. RESULTS: We observed that the risk of complication increased for each additional comorbidity in both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals and that this risk was systematically higher among unvaccinated individuals. Compared with vaccinated individuals without comorbidities (reference group), the risks of hospitalization, ICU admission, and death were respectively: 9X (95% CI [7.77-12.01]), 13X (95% CI [8.74-18.87]), and 12X (95% CI [7.57-18.91]) higher in vaccinated individuals with ≥3 comorbidities; 22X (95% CI [19.07-25.95]), 45X (95% CI [29.06-69.67]) and 38X (95% CI [23.62-61.14]) higher in unvaccinated individuals with ≥3 comorbidities. CONCLUSION: Our results support the importance of promoting vaccination in all individuals, and especially those with pre-existing medical conditions, to reduce severe complications, even during the Omicron wave.