Mortalidade da apnéia obstrutiva do sono

Abstract

ABSTRACT Obstructive sleep apnea is a highly prevalent condition with neurocognitive and cardiovascular consequences. It may be associated with clinical consequences such as increased risk of systemic hypertension, coronary vascular disease, congestive heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, glucose intolerance, pulmonary hypertension, and impaired concentration. This disorder is associated with substantial economic costs to society. Obstructive apneas occur when the upper airway collapses during sleep, blocking airflow and oxygenation despite continued respiratory effort. Obesity, male gender, upper airway anatomical abnormalities, and increasing age are all risk factors for the development of obstructive sleep apnea. The mechanisms of airway occlusion are heterogeneous and factors such as anatomical abnormalities, upper airway dilator muscle function, arousal threshold, and abnormalities in the control of breathing may all influence for airway obstruction during sleep. Considerable evidence suggests that several variables may interactively contribute to the development of sleep apnea. The relative contributions of these factors vary between individuals with sleep apnea, and this may have implications as to which treatments are efficacious for an individual.