Onset of Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux and Thermal Stratification in Ethylene-Glycol Based Nanofluid Flow Containing Carbon Nanotubes in a Rotating Frame

Abstract

A mathematical model is envisioned for the nanofluid flow containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with ethylene glycol as a base fluid in a rotating channel with an upper permeable wall. However, the lower one is moving with a variable velocity to instigate centripetal forces and forced convection accompanied by Coriolis with the fluid's rotation. The uniqueness of the proposed model is supplemented by adding the Cattaneo-Christov (C-C) heat flux's impact with thermal stratification. The behavior of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) is analyzed between two rotating plates. The rotation of the fluid causes the lower plate to move with variable velocity thus producing forced convection with Coriolis and centripetal impact, nevertheless, the upper plate is porous. The well-suited transformations are employed to obtain the dimensionless governing equations' system. Thermo-physical characteristics of the ethylene-glycol and CNTs of both types are utilized to accomplish the numerical solution by MATLAB's function bvp4c. Sketches of arising parameters versus all distributions defined in the problem are drawn and are well conversed. It is noticed that the two velocities show the opposite trend for the nanoparticle volume fraction. It is further noted that the temperature of the fluid is diminished when the values of the thermally stratified parameter are enhanced.