A Comparative Prospective Study on the Accuracy and Efficiency of Autonomous Robotic System Versus Dynamic Navigation System in Dental Implant Placement

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of and discrepancies between planned and final implant positions using dynamic computer-assisted implant surgery (d-CAIS) and autonomous robotic computer-assisted implant surgery (r-CAIS) in clinical practice. Materials and Methods: The study included 83 patients, who received 135 implants between December 2022 and March 2024 (r-CAIS group: 43 patients with 71 implants; d-CAIS group: 40 patients with 64 implants). Cone-beam computed tomography scans taken before and after surgery assessed linear and angular deviations between the groups in both 2D and 3D spaces. The duration of surgery was also analysed. Results: The angular deviation between d-CAIS and r-CAIS was 3.61° ± 1.65° versus 1.62° ± 0.93° (p < 0.001), the platform deviation was 1.12 ± 0.51 mm versus 0.50 ± 0.19 mm (p < 0.001) and the apex deviation was 1.36 ± 0.57 mm versus 0.58 ± 0.21 mm (p < 0.001). The d-CAIS group experienced significantly longer drilling and implant placement times compared to the r-CAIS group (10.6 ± 3.8 vs. 8.3 ± 3.4 min, p < 0.01), while preparation time showed no statistical difference between the groups (7.2 ± 3.3 vs. 6.2 ± 2.7 min, p > 0.05). Conclusions: The robotic system demonstrated higher accuracy and efficiency of implant placement than the dynamic navigation system in partially edentulous patients.