Non-invasive prediction of coronary artery disease by multiple abdominal fat and anthropometric indices: Revisit

Abstract

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of multiple abdominal fat indices measured by ultrasound and anthropometric indices to predict the presence and severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) assessed by coronary angiography. Patients and Methods: All participants subjected to clinical and laboratory assessments. Anthropometric measurements were taken followed by an ultrasound examination to mea- sure fat thickness at multiple abdominal areas. Lastly, selective coronary angiography performed by the Judkins technique. Statistical analysis was performed to detect the associa- tion between all variables and CAD, followed by regression analysis, and Odds ratio (OR) was used to quantifies the strength of the association between two events. Results: From the abdominal indices, the posterior right perinephric fat thickness (PRPFT) above the best cutoff value had the highest hazard ratio (HR: 12.3, p = 0.001), followed by visceral adipose tissue volume (VAT) (HR: 10.7, p < 0.001), waist circumference (WC) (HR: 6.7, p = 0.001), visceral fat thickness (VFT) (HR: 5.7, p = 0.002), and body mass index (BMI) (HR: 5.48, p = 0.017). It also showed an independent association between the severity of CAD and WC (HR: 4.28, p = 0.012), VFT (HR: 3.7, p = 0.032), VAT (HR: 3.7, p = 0.034), and waist to height ratio (WHtR) (HR: 3.3, p = 0.033). Conclusion: Posterior perinephric fat thickness and visceral adipose tissue volume mea- sured by ultrasound are strong noninvasive predictors for coronary artery disease, followed by body mass index, waist circumference and visceral fat thickness.